vitamin d receptors การใช้

• The vitamin D receptor is strongly expressed in the substantia nigra.
• In 1969 he determined that vitamin D receptors ( VDR ) were present in the intestine.
• Vitamin D is an essential regulator of the vitamin D receptor that controls gene transcription during development.
• The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the vitamin D receptor-interacting protein ( coactivator.
• An alternative " non-classical " pathway involves activated Zap70 directly phosphorylating the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ).
• Interaction between 1, 25D and the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) affects the production of RANKL and delays osteoclastogenesis.
• However, there is evidence that vitamin D may also potently inhibit breast growth via activation of the vitamin D receptor.
• This product is a potent ligand of the vitamin D receptor, which mediates most of the physiological actions of the vitamin.
• Other linked genes include the Hereditary Prostate cancer gene 1 ( HPC1 ), the androgen receptor, and the vitamin D receptor.
• LCA ( and LCA acetate and LCA propionate ) can activate the vitamin D receptor without raising calcium levels as much as vitamin D itself.
• One of several human vitamin D receptor gene variants is a single nucleotide polymorphism in the start codon of the gene which can be distinguished through the use of the FokI enzyme.
• However, it has been shown to have comparable affinity with calcitriol for the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ), while being less than 1 % as active as the calcitriol in regulating calcium metabolism.
• The vitamin D receptor belongs to the steroid / thyroid receptor superfamily, and is found on the cells of many different tissues including the thyroid, bone, kidney, and T cells of the immune system.
• This coactivator can bind to the ligand-binding domain of the vitamin D receptor and to retinoid receptors to enhance vitamin D-, retinoic acid-, estrogen-, and glucocorticoid-mediated gene expression.
• In addition, there is evidence at the tissue level of a downregulation of vitamin D receptor and of resistance to the actions of PTH . Therapy is generally focused on correcting biochemical and hormonal abnormalities in an effort to limit their consequences.
• Many of the effects of calcitriol are mediated by its interaction with the calcitriol receptor, also called the vitamin D receptor or VDR . For instance, the unbound inactive form of the calcitriol receptor in intestinal epithelial cells resides in the cytoplasm.
• Calcidiol is subsequently converted by the action of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase to calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D 3 that binds to the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) which mediates most of the physiological actions of the vitamin.
• Within the nucleus, it can modulate nuclear hormone receptor activity by direct binding to retinoid X receptor, retinoic acid receptor, vitamin D receptor, PPAR?, and nur77, IGFBP-3 also interacts with DNA-dependent protein kinase within the nucleus to promote the repair of DNA damage.
• Calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D, acting through the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ), has, like the androgens, been reported to be a negative regulator of mammary gland development in mice, for instance, during puberty . as well as precocious mammary gland development.
• A novel 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [ 1, 25-( OH ) 2D3 ] response element in the promoter region of Insig-2 gene was identified which specifically binds to the heterodimer of retinoid X receptor and vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) and directs VDR-mediated transcriptional activation in a 1, 25-( OH ) 2D3-dependent manner . 1, 25-( OH ) 2D3 transiently but strongly induces Insig-2 expression in 3T3-L1 cells.